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Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 72, No. 8, pp. 1453-1470, 2000.

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY DIVISION
COMMISSION ON MICROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES AND TRACE ANALYSIS

CHEMISTRY AND THE ENVIRONMENT DIVISION
COMMISSION ON FUNDAMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY AND HUMAN HEALTH DIVISION
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY SECTION - COMMISSION ON TOXICOLOGY

Guidelines for terms related to chemical speciation and fractionation of elements. Definitions, structural aspects, and methodological approaches (IUPAC Recommendations 2000)

Douglas M. Templeton*1, Freek Ariese2, Rita Cornelis3*, Lars-Göran Danielsson4, Herbert Muntau5, Herman P. van Leeuwen6, and Ryszard Lobinski7

1Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Canada; 2Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands; 3Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Gent, Belgium; 4Department of Analytical Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; 5Environmental Institute, Joint Research Centre Ispra, (VA) Italy; 6Department of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen Agricultural University, the Netherlands; 7CNRS UMR 5034, Hélioparc, Pau, France, and Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology,Warszawa, Poland

Abstract: This paper presents definitions of concepts related to speciation of elements, more particularly speciation analysis and chemical species. Fractionation is distinguished from speciation analysis, and a general outline of fractionation procedures is given. We propose a categorization of species according to isotopic composition of the element, its oxidation and electronic states, and its complex and molecular structure. Examples are given of methodological approaches used for speciation analysis. A synopsis of the methodology of dynamic speciation analysis is also presented.

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